First-Aid Guidance

任何医疗紧急情况的第一步是拨打911.
对于任何受伤或紧急医疗状况,完成快速受害者评估. Do not move the victim.
CARDIAC ARREST:
心脏骤停是指某人的心脏突然停止跳动. If a person is unresponsive, and they are not breathing normally, they could be in cardiac arrest, and you need to act quickly.
  • 拨打911寻求紧急帮助并开始心肺复苏术,如果有的话使用除颤器. 校园内的几个地方都有除颤器.
  • 大声呼救,叫人拿一台AED, 但不要让受害者去取除颤器.
  • If you are untrained in CPR, 把你的手机开到扬声器上,与911接线员通话, and start hands-only CPR.
     Hands-only CPR
  • Shake the person and ask, “Are you okay?“如果没有反应,没有生命迹象,就只能用手进行心肺复苏术.
  • Kneel beside the person.
  • 将手的脚后跟放在胸部中间,在两个乳房之间.
  • 将另一只手的脚后跟放在第一只手的上面,手指交叉.
  • 把你的身体放在肩膀的正上方,保持手臂伸直.
  • 在胸部中央用力快速推,每分钟约100次. 数每分钟100到120拍的歌曲的节拍, such as “Staying Alive” by the Bee Gees, “Crazy in Love” by Beyonceé, or “Work It” by Missy Elliott.
  • 继续用力,直到有明显的生命迹象, like breathing and movement, or someone else arrives to take over CPR, or you are too exhausted to continue.
PLEASE NOTE: 校园里的几栋楼里都有自动体外除颤器(aed). AED是一种医疗设备,供训练有素的员工或公众使用,以应对明显的心脏骤停病例. 最新的地点列表可在设施中找到, Administration, 和“校园AED位置”文件夹中的“规划”网页: http://tinyurl.com/vqp8zlt
CONSCIOUS VICTIM:
  • 问他们正在经历什么伤害或困难.
  • 检查并提供急救这些投诉以及其他观察到的情况.
UNCONSCIOUS OR INCOHERENT VICTIM:
  • 从头到脚检查是否有受伤或生病的迹象.
  • 根据情况提供急救或心肺复苏.
EXTERNAL BLEEDING:
  • Apply direct pressure to the wound.
    • Wear medical gloves, if available.
    • 用无菌纱布或干净的布盖住伤口.
  • 将受伤部位抬高到高于心脏的高度,以减少血液流动.
  • 如果这些措施不能减缓血液流动,在出血点上方施加压力.
    • For arms or hand, apply pressure to the brachial artery, 在肘部上方的内臂脉动点.
    • For legs and feet, apply pressure to the femoral artery, 脉动点位于大腿内侧的腹股沟处.
SEVERE INTERNAL BLEEDING:
Indicated by increasing bruising and swelling or obvious contusion of the skin; painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen; vomiting or coughing up blood; stools that are black or contain bright red blood.
  • Monitor airway, breathing and circulation.
  • Keep the victim lying on the left side.
  • Elevate the victim’s legs 8” - 12”.
  • Seek immediate medical attention.
SHOCK:
严重的出血会迅速发展为休克. 其他可能导致休克的情况包括体液流失, as with excessive sweating or dehydration; circulatory collapse; major trauma; or extreme stress from an extreme emotional event.
  • Symptoms to look for:
    • 精神状态改变(极度焦虑和不安)
    • 皮肤苍白、冰冷、潮湿,嘴唇和指甲暗沉(蓝色)
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Rapid breathing and rapid pulse
    • Unresponsive
  • What to do:
    • Lay the victim on their back.
    • Raise the victim’s legs 8” - 12”.
    • 把毯子或外套盖在受害者身上,以防止身体热量的流失.
BURNS:
  • Remove all affected clothing.
  • For first- and second-degree burns, immerse in cold water, 或者用凉爽的湿纱布或干净的布盖住.
  • 用于三度烧伤(涉及脂肪和肌肉), cover with sterile non-stick dressing; monitor airway, breathing, and circulation; observe for signs of shock, and seek immediate medical attention.
CHOKING:
  • 如果有人窒息但咳嗽或能说话, keep eyes on the person, 但不要尝试海姆利克急救法或其他干预措施. Ask the person if they need help.
  • 如果病人无法呼吸或说话, 由于阻塞表现出恐慌或痛苦, 或者他们会用手搂住脖子, perform the Heimlich maneuver.
FRACTURE (Obvious or suspected broken bone):
  • 保持伤者不动,并固定伤者直到医疗救援到来.
HEART ATTACK:
拨打911请求运输或将受害者送到最近的急诊室.
  • 帮助病人采取最不痛苦的姿势,通常是双腿向上,膝盖弯曲坐着.
  • 松开脖子和肚脐周围的衣服.
  • 如果可以的话,让受害者咀嚼一片阿司匹林.
  • 询问受害者是否有心脏病史以及是否有硝化甘油的处方. 如果有,在舌下服用硝酸甘油片. 只有在给病人开处方的情况下才使用硝酸甘油.
  • 监测气道、呼吸和循环,如果病人失去意识,开始心肺复苏术.
  • 如果受害者失去意识,并且有AED,请按照AED的指示进行.
POISONING OR OVERDOSE:
  • 确定所涉及的物质以及它是如何被摄取的,
  • Place the victim on their left side.
  • 拨打中毒控制热线1-800-222-1222.
  • 除非中毒控制中心或卫生专业人员指示,否则不要催吐.
  • 待在受害者身边直到医疗救援到来.
SEIZURES:
大多数癫痫会自行停止,但在癫痫发作期间,患者可能会受伤或受伤. 当癫痫发作时,主要目标是保护患者免受伤害.
  • Try to prevent a fall.
  • 把病人放在一个安全的地方.
  • 清理家具或其他尖锐物品.
  • Cushion the person’s head.
  • 放松紧绷的衣服,尤其是在脖子上.
  • Turn the person on their left side.
  • 寻找带有查封说明的医疗ID手镯或项链.
  • 待在病人身边,直到他们康复或医疗救助到来.

For emergencies dial (911) or (4357) on any campus phone.